Dual functions for interferons

Lambda Interferons: New Cytokines with Old Functions

Interferon lambda (IFN-λ) is a member of the class II cytokine family, and like the other members of this family, they are small helical proteins. Since their discovery significant efforts have been made to determine their role in innate and adaptive immunity. Their strong antiviral activity, both in vitro and in vivo, has firmly established their interferon status. However, in contrast to type...

Dual multiwavelet frames with symmetry from two-direction renable functions

Interferons

nterferons, naturally occuring glycoproteins with molecular weights of approximately 20,000 daltons, possess antiviral, antiproliferative, and immune-stimulating properties. They are classified into 3 antigenically distinct forms that are derived from different cell types. Alpha (or) interferons are derived from leukocytes, beta ([3) interferons from fibroblasts, and gamma (/) interferons from ...

Dual Functions for a Parallel Adaptive Method

In this paper, we investigate the effects of pollution error on the performance of the parallel adaptive finite element technique proposed by Bank and Holst in 2000. In particular, we consider whether the performance of the algorithm as it was originally proposed can be improved through the use of certain dual functions which give indication of global influences on subdomain errors.

Dual graph homomorphism functions

For any two graphs F and G, let hom(F,G) denote the number of homomorphisms F → G, that is, adjacency preserving maps V (F ) → V (G) (graphs may have loops but no multiple edges). We characterize Institute of Mathematics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. Email: [email protected]. Research sponsored by OTKA Grant No. 67867. CWI and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands....